What is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer?

The primary risk factor for cervical cancer is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that can cause changes in the cells of the cervix, leading to precancerous lesions and, ultimately, cervical cancer if the infection persists and is not treated. High-risk types of HPV, particularly HPV 16 and 18, are responsible for the majority of cervical cancer cases.

While age over 50, family history of cancer, and smoking can contribute to the risk of developing various cancers, the overwhelming evidence links HPV as the main causative agent in cervical cancer. This connection has led to the development of vaccines aimed at preventing HPV infections, which significantly reduces the incidence of cervical cancer and associated precancerous conditions.

Understanding this relationship emphasizes the importance of HPV vaccination and regular cervical cancer screenings, which are crucial in managing and reducing the risk of this disease.