Which condition can lead to secondary hypertension?

Secondary hypertension refers to high blood pressure that is a result of another underlying condition. Chronic kidney disease is a well-established cause of secondary hypertension due to the kidneys' critical role in regulating blood pressure. When the kidneys are damaged, their ability to filter blood effectively and manage fluid balance is compromised, leading to fluid retention and increased blood pressure. Additionally, the kidney's influence on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can further elevate blood pressure through the release of hormones that constrict blood vessels and promote sodium retention.

In contrast, while conditions like hypothyroidism can influence blood pressure, they do not commonly lead to secondary hypertension in the way that chronic kidney disease does. Anemia might lead to variations in blood pressure due to factors such as dehydration or cardiac output changes, but it is not a direct cause of hypertension. Osteoporosis is primarily associated with bone density loss and does not have a known direct relationship with blood pressure regulation. Thus, chronic kidney disease stands out as a primary and documented cause of secondary hypertension.