Which medication is indicated for a patient with hematuria and CVA tenderness?

In the context of hematuria and costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness, the clinical presentation suggests a possible urinary tract infection (UTI) or pyelonephritis. Ciprofloxacin, a second-generation fluoroquinolone, is indicated due to its potent activity against common uropathogens, including Escherichia coli, which is frequently responsible for UTIs.

Ciprofloxacin is not only effective in treating uncomplicated UTIs but is also appropriate for treating pyelonephritis, which is indicated by CVA tenderness and hematuria. The duration of a 7-day course of ciprofloxacin is suitable for this type of infection, as it provides adequate treatment while minimizing the risk of resistance that can occur with prolonged antibiotic use.

Other options have limitations in this clinical scenario. For instance, first-generation cephalosporins like cephalexin are typically less effective for upper urinary tract infections and ureteral involvement. Nitrofurantoin is primarily used for uncomplicated lower UTIs and is not effective for pyelonephritis. Third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftriaxone have broader uses, often reserved for more severe infections or cases where intravenous treatment is necessary, making